Question:

Can Macrobius be used as evidence for the massacre of the innocents? Macrobius wrote in his work Saturnalia the following: “On hearing that the son of Herod, king of the Jews, [Herod the First] had been slain when Herod ordered that all boys in Syria under the age of two be killed, Augustus said, ‘It’s better to be Herod’s pig than his son’.”

Answer:

Sure.  This is indirect evidence, and not “proof” that Herod did something similar to the children in the area of Bethlehem, but this is clear and strong evidence that this is the sort of thing that Herod would have, without hesitation, done to the Jewish children when he got wind of the idea of a future Jewish king being born in Bethlehem.  This story tells us that the biblical story is very much according to the character of Herod, lending credence to the biblical account, but it is not “evidence” that the biblical story actually happened.  I would not hesitate to use this, but would note that it is only evidence that the story is not nearly as surprising as some critics have claimed.  Some used to claim that the story of the killing of the innocents was a clear fabrication.  Not so.
John Oakes

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