History – Evidence for Christianity

Robert Price says a miracle-worker like Jesus should have mention in non-Christian writings in the first century, but there is none. He concludes Jesus is a fictional character. Your response?

John Oakes wrote in Archaeology and the Bible, Church History, General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: I want to ask one question. One skeptic New Testament scholar Robert McNair Price says that since our Lord Jesus Christ of Nazareth was a miracle working historical person who did many miracles like multiplying thousands of bread and fishes, raised the deaths, turning water into wine, healed the sick persons, resurrected, ascended and […]

Did Moses copy the Old Testament from another source? If so, does this make the Old Testament not reliable?

John Oakes wrote in Archaeology and the Bible, General, General Apologetics, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Questions: Did Moses copy the Old Testament from another book or source? If the last statement is true then would that mean that the only reliable thing in the Bible are in the New Testament? Answer: First of all, Moses was only responsible for a limited portion of the Old Testament. Almost certainly he did […]

Did Moses copy the Old Testament from other sources? If so, then is the Old Testament not reliable?

John Oakes wrote in General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: Did Moses copy the Old Testament from another book or source? If the last statement is true then is the only reliable part of the Bible the New Testament? Answer: First of all, Moses was only responsible for a limited portion of the Old Testament. Almost certainly he did not write Genesis. There is […]

How do you respond to the claim that acc. to Josephus John the Baptist died 5 years after Jesus and that the gospel writers rewrote history to fit the Jesus narrative?

John Oakes wrote in General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

[Editor’s note: An excerpt from the article this question refers to, as well as a link to the article are found after my response to her question. It would be a good idea to look at the link in order to understand the issue being raised] Question: What do you make of this article that […]

Are the mythicists right that the Testimonium Flavium by Josephus is a forgery and that the Jesus in the James passage is not Jesus of Nazareth?

John Oakes wrote in Church History, General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: Help me! Mythicists insist that Josephus’ account of Jesus of Nazareth in BK XVIII of his *antiquities* is a wholesale forgery. They also insist that the passage about “James the brother of Jesus who was called Messiah” is not, in fact, about Jesus of Nazareth but “Jesus, son of Damneus” They also insist […]

I read that it is proved that the Jews were never enslaved in Egypt because there is not a single loan-word in ancient Egyptian from Hebrew or in ancient Hebrew from Egyptian. Response?

John Oakes wrote in General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: Hey all at EFC, how would you respond to this quote from Robert Ingersoll in 1885: “We now know that the Hebrews were never enslaved by the Egyptians, that the entire story (Exodus) is a fiction. We know this because there cannot be found in the Egyptian language one word of Hebrew origin and […]

Is there any extra-biblical evidence for the triumphal entry of Jesus into Jerusalem?

John Oakes wrote in General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: Is there any extra-biblical evidence for the triumphal entry? Answer: No. There is no mention of the triumphal entry of Jesus into Jerusalem. The non-believers who mentioned Jesus and Christians only mentioned the most general facts, such as their devotion to Christ, the death of Jesus, the fact that people believed in his resurrection […]

What is “The Book of the Annals of the Kings of Israel,” mentioned in 2 Kings 1:18?

John Oakes wrote in General, History, Q & A .

Question: I have a question. In 2 Kings 1:1-18, at the end of vs 18 it says “The Book of the Annals of the Kings of Israel” My question is this: what is the book of annals of the Kings of Israel? Is it the same as the books of 1 Kings and 2 Kings? […]

Because the Jews use the 360 day calendar, when we calculate the 70 weeks in Daniel 9, and begin in 457 BC (Ezra 7), we end up at AD 18, which does not fit Jesus. How can this be reconciled?

John Oakes wrote in Daniel, General, History, Q & A .

Question: Since the 360 day Hebrew calendar should be used when calculating the 70 weeks, if we calculated from 457 BC we would end up in 18 AD before the ministry of Christ. How can this be explained? David: According to whose authority must the 360 day Hebrew lunar year be used to make this […]

Is there historical evidence that supports the occurrence of the darkness and earthquake at the time of the death of Jesus?

John Oakes wrote in Church History, General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: I read a passage in the Bible where it said that there was a blackness and an earthquake after Jesus died. [Editor’s note: Luke 23:44 for the darkness, Matthew 27:51 for the earthquake] Is there historical evidence of people seeing this? Answer: Many people fail to recognize that we have very little information about […]

Many of my Muslim friends tell me that Jesus did not die on the cross and that this came, not from Muhammad but from the second century. Your response?

John Oakes wrote in Apocrypha, Bible Manuscripts and Textual Questions, Church History, General, History, Other Religions, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: I want to know about the reliability of the Bible because many of my friends who are Muslims tell me that Jesus did not die on the cross nor was he risen. They tell me that this is not written 600 yrs later but from 2nd century or the end of 1st century itself […]

Muslims, including Shabir Ally, say that Jesus was not crucified, and that Muhammad was only saying what had been said before. Your response?

John Oakes wrote in Bible Manuscripts and Textual Questions, General, History, Other Religions, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Questions: I’m not being able to protect my faith because of Muslims and they are telling that the Bible I hold in my hand is corrupted and the original manuscripts are lost. They showed me the video of a debate of Micheal licona a Christian apologist and Shabir Ally who is a Muslim apologist. They […]

Is Rezin,the king of Aram in Isaiah 7:1 confirmed by extra-biblical sources?

John Oakes wrote in Archaeology and the Bible, General, Historical and Messianic Prophecy, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: I have a question concerning the kings of Syria as mentioned in Isaiah 7:1, it identifies the kings Uzziah, Pekah,and Rezin. Do we have evidence for these three kings? My special concern is for Rezin, the king of Syria. Do we have evidence for Rezin as a Syrian King? Alexander: Yes we do. He […]

Did the Phoenicians bring knowledge of Hinduism to Palestine, influencing Judaism and the Old Testament?

John Oakes wrote in Anthropology, General, History, Q & A .

[Editor’s note: The questioner is from India and is attempting to respond to unsubstantiated claims that Judaism and/or Christianity have ideas substantially borrowed from Hinduism] Question: 1.Is it true that the Phoenicians traveled to India and brought some arts and ideas of Hinduism and conveyed them back to Palestine where they had influence on Judaism […]

Do you have a literature reference for your earlier claim that Nebuchadnezzar invaded Egypt in 567 BC, fulfilling Ezekiel 29 and Jeremiah 43?

John Oakes wrote in Archaeology and the Bible, General, Historical and Messianic Prophecy, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible, Uncategorized .

[Editor’s note: the one asking this question did some follow-up research, finding his own really useful additional information on what Nebuchadnezzar did to fulfill the prophecies in Ezekiel and Jeremiah. His additional information is at the end of my original response.] Question: I want to ask some things relating to some answers you’ve given on […]

A friend tells me that Islam came before Christianity because of Ishmael. Your response?

John Oakes wrote in General, History, Other Religions, Q & A .

Question: Bible says that the disciple whom Jesus loves was at the cross. But it doesn’t specifically mention the name so how do we know that it’s John?And some of my friends who are Christians and pastors also say that Islam came before Christianity because of Ishmael. They say that Ishmael traveled to Arabia with […]

Is there any historical or archaeological evidence outside the Bible for the prophets of Israel such as Daniel and Jeremiah?

John Oakes wrote in Archaeology and the Bible, General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: I am a Christian but I have become very doubtful. I ask you to pray for me, and maybe you will be so kind and answer one of my questions. Is there any other historical documents or archeological evidence that tells us about the Prophets of the Old Testament? For example Daniel became a […]

How can we trust the Bible? What are the historical records of Jesus outside the Bible? What about the fact that Jesus went to India?

John Oakes wrote in Archaeology and the Bible, Church History, General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: How can we trust the Bible? We know that Jesus existed for sure which every historian would agree but what about what he did ? If his miracles were true as gospels record them why don’t we have historical records of them outside the Bible?There were books that say that the 1st prime minister […]

Are the excavations of Tyre that of the ancient city from biblical times. I thought it was a sunken city.

John Oakes wrote in Archaeology and the Bible, General, History, Q & A .

Question: I have a question about the excavation of Tyre. Are these excavations really the city of Tyre. How do they know this if it is a sunken city? Alexander: I have been to the modern city of Tyre myself. I have also walked the ruins of Tyre–or more accurately the Tyre of the Roman […]

When Jesus talked about the fall of Jerusalem, did he also warn the Jews? Is there evidence of the church fleeing to the mountains?

John Oakes wrote in Church History, Daniel, General, Historical and Messianic Prophecy, History, Q & A .

Question: When Jesus said the the Church of Jerusalem will fall, did he advise the Jews about the fall as well, or was it a prophecy and is there evidence of the church fleeing to the mountains? Answer: Actually, it was not the church in Jerusalem which fell in AD 70. It was the Jewish […]

Do history and archaeology confirm the historical accounts in Daniel?

John Oakes wrote in Archaeology and the Bible, Daniel, General, History, Q & A .

Question: Many thanks for your kind replies to my recent questions. They are helpful. Ancient history books of Iran & Iraq confirm incidents such as the dream of Nebuchadnezer, Daniel’s interpreteion of it, God saving Daniel & his friends from fire and the mouths of lions. They also confirm both Nebuchdnezer accepting Jehovah/God is real […]

Bart Ehrman says that the tomb of Jesus is lost. Does that matter? He also says that the Exodus is a myth. Is that true?

John Oakes wrote in Archaeology and the Bible, General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: Dear Sir, Please help! I have two questions: 1. Some like Bart D. Ehrman don’t believe in the empty tomb. Ehrman posted on the internet google page stating that the tomb of Jesus Christ was lost. Is the tomb of Jesus Christ actually lost and not found by his disciples or by other people? […]

The Babylonian Talmud mentions Yeshu, but I heard that this means a person who practices magic, and is therefore not talking about Jesus. Your thoughts?

John Oakes wrote in General, History, Q & A .

Question: I remember in your Evidence for Jesus articles that there was a Jewish source which talked about the fact that Yeshu was be executed. I looked up what Yeshu means on Wikipedia and it means Jesus but people say that Yeshu refers to people who practice magic or deal with sorcery. My question is […]

Where did Jesus live and what did he do between the ages of 12 and 30?

John Oakes wrote in General, History, Q & A .

Question: What did Jesus do between the ages of 12 and 30? Where did he live? Did he travel? What is the evidence (not belief and conjecture) that forms the basis of your assertions in this regard? Thank you. Answer: My answer is that I do not know what Jesus did or even where he […]

Some say that good research will tell us that Jesus did not exist. What is your response to this claim?

John Oakes wrote in Church History, General, Historical and Messianic Prophecy, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: I have three questions: 1. It is said by some who do a lot of research that Jesus Christ of Nazareth did not exist and all stories about Jesus Christ of Nazareth were retellings of older pagan myths by relatively well educated Greek-speaking (and writing) Christians during the 2nd half of the first century. […]

How do I defend my faith to skeptics who say that Moses in the Old Testament did not exist?

John Oakes wrote in Archaeology and the Bible, General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: How can I defend my faith to skeptics who say that Moses of the Old Testament did not exist? Answer: To be honest, this is not an easy question. Here is why. The evidence for the historical reality of Moses is relatively indirect. There is no ancient inscription from the second millennium BC which […]

Robert Price and others say that the historical figure Jesus of Nazareth is not a real person. Can we be sure 100% that he was a real person?

John Oakes wrote in Church History, General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: Skeptics like Robert McNair Price and others says that a historical figure Jesus Christ of the Nazareth of our Christian Bible did not exist. Is there any historical evidences to their claim that a historical figure Jesus Christ of the Nazareth of our Christian Bible did not exist? My question is: Did the historical […]

I heard it said that both the writings of Tacitus and Josephus are forgeries. Is this true?

John Oakes wrote in Church History, General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: It is said that the writings of the historians Publius Cornelius Tacitus and Titus Flavius Josephus, born Yosef ben Matityahu were forgeries. Is there any historical evidence that the writings of the historians Publius Cornelius Tacitus and Titus Flavius Josephus were forgeries? How far it is true? Answer: About these authors, the answer depends […]

Is Bart Ehrman right that we have almost no evidence about Jesus?

John Oakes wrote in Archaeology and the Bible, Bible Manuscripts and Textual Questions, Church History, General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: Scholar Bart D. Ehrman says that we have very scanty evidence and documentation of Jesus’ life. Bart D. Ehrman says that Jesus is never mentioned in any Greek or Roman, non-Christian sources until 80 years after his death. There is no record of Jesus having lived in these sources. In the entire first Christian […]

Could the empty tomb of Jesus be the result of a conspiracy rather than Jesus actually resurrecting?

John Oakes wrote in Daniel, General, Historical and Messianic Prophecy, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

[Editor’s note: I am dispersing my answers among the questions. They will be in italics.] Question: I have been a believer of Jesus Christ for more than 10 years. Recently my brother who is an atheist challenged me with many absurd theories he found on the internet. That provoked me to look for solid evidence […]

Who are the sixth and seventh kings in Revelation 10-12? Could they be Vespasian and Titus? Who are the kings who had not yet come?

John Oakes wrote in Church History, Daniel, General, Historical and Messianic Prophecy, History, Q & A .

Question: Doesn’t Revelation 17: 10 show that John got his vision during the sixth king, who is Vespasian? and the seventh king who is to come is Titus, who according to this verse will rule for a short time, and he did, from 79 till 81 AD? If this is true, then John got […]

My Hindu friends tell me that Krishna incarnates in the world to protect the righteous and to destroy evil. How do I respond to this and present Jesus?

John Oakes wrote in General, Historical and Messianic Prophecy, History, Other Religions, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: Our Hindu friends often quote from the Bhaghavad Gita where Krishna himself says that he would incarnate from age to age in order to protect the righteous and punish the wicked. He came thus to destroy the evil from the world. How shall we give our response and present Jesus as only the true […]

Can you explain the statement in Ezekiel 29 concerning Egypt that “No foot of man shall pass through it”

John Oakes wrote in General, Historical and Messianic Prophecy, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: I came upon your page while researching some Old Testament Biblical prophecies. I have a couple questions about two of them if you have the time. I’ve read two responses of yours to the Ezekiel prophecy regarding Nebuchadnezzar and Egypt, and found them very enlightening. However, in neither of your responses did I see […]

Did you know that Darius the Mede from Daniel 6 has now been identified as Cyaxares II the Mede?

John Oakes wrote in Daniel, General, History, Q & A .

Comment: I googled “Is Darius the Mede real?” and your article was #1 on the list. https://evidenceforchristianity.org/if-darius-the-mede-daniel-6-is-a-real-person-why-does-the-cambridge-history-of-judaism-not-mention-him-as-it-lists-all-the-rulers-of-bablyon-after-the-persian-conquest/ But your article did not have the amazing and powerful evidence that is now available. So I want to share it with you. You can talk directly to the author of the book himself (I recommend it) to […]

Is it true that the Old Testament is mostly oral history? If so, how do we know it is true?

John Oakes wrote in Bible Manuscripts and Textual Questions, General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: I came across this forum on Reddit about the Old Testament. It says that it is mostly oral histories rather than detailed written histories. See the comment by BigBennP. https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/8k455b/there_are_two_places_that_i_know_of_in_the_bible/ He referenced Schinderman’s book that I’m quite familiar with. I’m not sure if this is correct. But if it is true, then I have to ask […]

Did Mark travel to Alexandria? Is Saint George a real person? Is it OK for a Christian to swear?

John Oakes wrote in Church History, General, History, Q & A .

Questions: I have some questions. 1- The first question is historical and about Saint Mark the writer of the second gospel. Do we have strong reasons to think that he really visited Egypt? I think the first to say that Mark visited Egypt was Eusebius. Do you think he really visited Egypt? In addition, What […]

Is there evidence for whether the Jerusalem church left for the mountains when Jerusalem was destroyed because of Jesus’ prophecy?

John Oakes wrote in Church History, General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: I have a question regarding the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD. Do we know if the disciple Christians fled to the mountains like Jesus advised or did they participate in the Jewish-Roman war? Mark 13:14-15 14 “When you see ‘the abomination that causes desolation’ standing where it does not belong– let the […]

How can we explain the evidence for humans widely spread around the world 40,000 years ago in light of what happened at the Tower of Babel?

John Oakes wrote in Anthropology, Archaeology and the Bible, General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: I have a question regarding the biblical history of humanity and the archaeological view which has been bugging me lately. Allow me to explain: In the early chapters of Genesis, there is evidence of human agricultural activity (Gen 2:15) (Gen 4:2) before the Tower of Babel incident which spread humanity across the face of the […]

How can Octavian, a Roman, be the one referred to in Daniel 11:45, since the prophecy is calling him a “King of the North?”

John Oakes wrote in Daniel, General, History, Q & A .

Question: It is my understanding that Octavian, otherwise known as Augustus died in Rome. This does not seem to agree with Daniel 11:45 and therefore does not support him as being the final “King of the North.” What do you say about this? Thanks and God bless. Answer: You are doing a great job here of […]

What should the Christian take be on Trump’s decision to acknowledge Jerusalem as the capital of Israel?

John Oakes wrote in End Times, General, History, Other Religions, Q & A .

Question: Since the announcement from Trump that he would move the US embassy to Jerusalem, there has been an uproar in the media about how this pushes back the effort for peace between Israel and the Palestinians. I am aware that the Jews have violated human rights in the occupied West Bank, but somehow deep […]

Is it likely that the biblical Mt. Sinai is actually Jebel al Lawz on the Arabian Peninsula?

John Oakes wrote in Archaeology and the Bible, General, History, Q & A .

Question: I have a question about some archaeological information regarding the Exodus. I recently saw some information that is out there that puts the original Mt. Sinai in western Arabia near Midian. It is specifically mentioned in Exodus 2 and 3. Archaeologists know where the ancient city of Midian was located and when they went […]

Is it true, as I read recently, that there is no evidence for the persecution of the Church by Domitian?

John Oakes wrote in Church History, General Apologetics, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: I found this article particularly interesting due to the impact it may have on a historical interpretation of Revelation. I am not familiar with much of the evidence the author uses to support his perspective but I do understand the bottom line. In short the author claims that there was no Domitian persecution of […]

What is the date of Paul

John Oakes wrote in Church History, General, History, Q & A .

Question: When was Paul killed? I’ve heard one person say AD 64 and someone else say AD 67. Also why was he killed? Answer: Here is the simple answer. No one knows. There are two general opinions, as you have heard. One is that his imprisonment in Rome, as described by Luke, led to his […]

What happened to the ten tribes that were taken captive by the Assyrians?

John Oakes wrote in General, History .

Question: What happened to the 10 tribes who were taken captives by Assyrians? Did they ever come back? Answer: Good question. There have been many speculations about what happened to the ten “lost” tribes of Israel. The answer is that our knowledge is a bit limited. Besides, it is most likely a complicated tale. […]

In Jeremiah 46 there is a prophecy about the destruction of Egypt by Nebuchadnezzar, yet this never happened. What is your response?

John Oakes wrote in Archaeology and the Bible, General, Historical and Messianic Prophecy, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: In Jeremiah 45, God says that Egypt will fall and most all the remnant of Judah will be destroyed. How does this work historically? I don’t see where Babylon invaded Egypt at this time in history. Am I incorrect? Thanks for clarifying. Answer: I assume you mean Jeremiah 46. In this prophecy we are […]

Who is Melchizedek in the Bible? Is he Shem, the son of Noah?

John Oakes wrote in General, Historical and Messianic Prophecy, History, Q & A, Types .

Question: Who is Melchizedek in the Bible? Is he Shem the son of Noah? I there any evidence about his geneology? Answer: Melchizedek is a somewhat enigmatic figure in the Bible. He only appears in Genesis, Psalms and Hebrews. He was a worshipper of Jehovah, but was not from Abraham’s family and, therefore, by […]

Did Paul teach that the law was removed by Jesus’ sacrifice? When will the ten lost tribes come back to Israel?

John Oakes wrote in Bible Interpretation, End Times, General, History, Q & A .

Questions: I was confronted with these questions. Did Paul teach that the law was over by Jesus’ sacrifice? Also, when will the ten tribes come back to Israel? Answers: Not sure if I would say it exactly that way: “the Law was over by Jesus’ sacrifice.” What Paul did say is, “When you were dead […]

Why did Daniel get all of the historical facts wrong in Daniel 11:35-35?

John Oakes wrote in Archaeology and the Bible, Daniel, General, Historical and Messianic Prophecy, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: I am happy to find your resourceful website and I hope you can help solve my puzzle. Why did the book of Daniel get all the history wrong from verse 11:35 to the end? I tried to find answers in your power point but you list the historical facts just up to 11:35. This […]

What is the evidence that Jesus was a real person and that his story was not fabricated?

John Oakes wrote in Church History, General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible, Resurrection of Jesus .

Question: Jesus is the pillar of Christian faith, I want to know, what are some evidences that show that he existed and not just fabricated? Answer: It has been argued that hardly anyone in the ancient world is more well attested to than Jesus of Nazareth. Within one hundred years of his life, at least […]

Is the Darius who built the temple after Artaxerxes in Ezra 4 Darius I or Darius II?

John Oakes wrote in Archaeology and the Bible, Bible Manuscripts and Textual Questions, General, History, Q & A, Reliability of the Bible .

Question: The book of Ezra mentions that after Artaxerxes stopped the rebuilding of the temple that it began again during the reign of Darius. Is this Darius II that reigned after Artexerxes or is this Darius I and the Ahasuerus and Artexerxes mentioned in chapter 4 Cambyses and Smerdis? This is all a bit confusing. […]